Capacitación financiera y planes de negocio para crédito productivo en cooperativas de El Oro, Ecuador
Financial training and business plans for productive credit in cooperatives in El Oro, EcuadorContenido principal del artículo
El acceso al crédito productivo constituye una condición clave para la sostenibilidad de las organizaciones de la economía popular y solidaria. El objetivo fue analizar la contribución de la capacitación financiera y la elaboración de un plan de negocios en la preparación de la COOPMAPIALOR para acceder al crédito productivo, en el marco del proyecto “Fortalecimiento de la gestión empresarial integral a las asociaciones de la provincia de El Oro - BanEcuador”. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo, diseño no experimental, transversal y estudio de caso. La muestra conformada por 26 integrantes, aplicándose revisión documental, observación estructurada y encuesta diagnóstica. Los resultados mostraron predominio de socios vinculados a bares escolares, experiencia comercial acumulada, disposición favorable hacia la bodega cooperativa, aceptación de la capacitación y apoyo mayoritario a la gestión de financiamiento. Se concluye que la capacitación articulada con el plan de negocios fortaleció la organización de información comercial, la planificación del abastecimiento y la preparación documental para la evaluación crediticia.
Access to productive credit is a key condition for the sustainability of organizations within the popular and solidarity economy. The objective was to analyze the contribution of financial training and the development of a business plan to COOPMAPIALOR's preparation for accessing productive credit, within the framework of the project "Strengthening Comprehensive Business Management in Associations of the Province of El Oro - BanEcuador." A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional case study design was used. The sample consisted of 26 members, and data was collected through document review, structured observation, and a diagnostic survey. The results showed a predominance of members linked to school cafeterias, accumulated commercial experience, a favorable disposition toward the cooperative store, acceptance of the training, and majority support for financing management. It was concluded that the training, integrated with the business plan, strengthened the organization of commercial information, supply planning, and document preparation for credit evaluation.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador. (2011). Ley Orgánica de Economía Popular y Solidaria. https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2018/09/Ley-Orga%CC%81nica-de-Economi%CC%81a-Popular-y-Solidaria.pdf
Bruhn, M., & Zia, B. (2013). Stimulating managerial capital in emerging markets: The impact of business training for young entrepreneurs. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 5(2), 232-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2013.780090
Banco Central del Ecuador. (2021). Estrategia Nacional de Inclusión Financiera 2020-2024. https://rfd.org.ec/docs/comunicacion/DocumentoENIF/ENIF-BCE-2021.pdf
Banco Central del Ecuador. (2024). Informe de resultados: Estadísticas de inclusión financiera. Cuarto trimestre de 2023. https://contenido.bce.fin.ec/documentos/Estadisticas/SectorMonFin/InclusionFinanciera/ResultIF_042023.pdf
BanEcuador. (s. f.). Crédito inclusión productiva. https://www.banecuador.fin.ec/creditoinclusion/
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Beck, T., & Demirgüç-Kunt, A. (2006). Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(11), 2931-2943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.05.009
Berger, A. N., & Udell, G. F. (2006). A more complete conceptual framework for SME finance. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(11), 2945-2966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.05.008
Chowdhury, M., & Alam, Z. (2017). Factors affecting access to finance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of Bangladesh. The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 17(2), 55-68. https://touroscholar.touro.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=gsb_pubs
Cole, S., Sampson, T., & Zia, B. (2011). Prices or knowledge? What drives demand for financial services in emerging markets? The Journal of Finance, 66(6), 1933-1967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01696.x
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex/Report
Drexler, A., Fischer, G., & Schoar, A. (2014). Keeping it simple: Financial literacy and rules of thumb. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 6(2), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.6.2.1
Fernandes, D., Lynch, J. G., Jr., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2014). Financial literacy, financial education, and downstream financial behaviors. Management Science, 60(8), 1861-1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1849
Frimpong, S. E., Agyapong, G., & Agyapong, D. (2022). Financial literacy, access to digital finance and performance of SMEs: Evidence from Central Region of Ghana. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), Article 2121356. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2121356
Kaiser, T., Lusardi, A., Menkhoff, L., & Urban, C. J. (2022). Financial education affects financial knowledge and downstream behaviors. Journal of Financial Economics, 145(2), 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.09.022
Karlan, D., & Valdivia, M. (2011). Teaching entrepreneurship: Impact of business training on microfinance clients and institutions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(2), 510-527. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00074
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C. (2014). What are we learning from business training and entrepreneurship evaluations around the developing world? The World Bank Research Observer, 29(1), 48-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkt007
Miller, M., Reichelstein, J., Salas, C., & Zia, B. (2015). Can you help someone become financially capable? A meta-analysis of the literature. The World Bank Research Observer, 30(2), 220-246. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkv009
Nkundabanyanga, S. K., Kasozi, D., Nalukenge, I., & Tauringana, V. (2014). Lending terms, financial literacy and formal credit accessibility. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(5), 342-361. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-03-2013-0075
OECD. (2024). Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs 2024: An OECD scoreboard. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/fa521246-en
Red de Instituciones Financieras de Desarrollo. (2025). La inclusión financiera en el Ecuador: Avances 2024. https://rfd.org.ec/docs/estudios_rfd/La_inclusion_financiera_en_Ecuador2024.pdf
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
Widyastuti, M., Ferdinand, D. Y. Y., & Hermanto, Y. B. (2023). Strengthening formal credit access and performance through financial literacy and credit terms in micro, small and medium
businesses. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(1), Article 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010052
World Bank. (2020). Ecuador: Diagnóstico de inclusión financiera. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/463891608200305640/pdf/Ecuador-Diagnostico-de-Inclusion-Financiera.pdf
World Bank. (2025). The Global Findex Database 2025. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex
Xu, N., Shi, J., Zhao, R., & Yuan, Y. (2020). Financial literacy and formal credit accessibility: Evidence from informal businesses in China. Finance Research Letters, 36, Article 101327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.101327