Factores determinantes y consecuencias del fracaso empresarial: una revisión sistemática en contextos económicos diversos
Determinants and consequences of business failure: a systematic review in diverse economic contextsBarra lateral del artículo
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El fracaso empresarial representa un desafío para el desarrollo económico global. Con el propósito de analizar los factores que determinan el fracaso empresarial y sus consecuencias socioeconómicas, se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en el método PRISMA, donde se identificaron 20 estudios publicados a partir del año 2021. Los resultados evidencian que las limitaciones financieras, como liquidez insuficiente, endeudamiento elevado y acceso restringido a crédito, constituyen el determinante principal en todos los contextos, con mayor severidad en economías en desarrollo debido a la dependencia de capital familiar y exclusión financiera. Factores no financieros como el liderazgo adaptativo, la colaboración estratégica y la gestión de riesgos ambientales resultan diferenciadoras de supervivencia. Entre las consecuencias socioeconómicas se encontró el desempleo e informalidad en economías frágiles y saturación legal y reducción de innovación en economías consolidadas. Se concluye que, la prevención efectiva requiere modelos predictivos y el desarrollo de capacidades gerenciales dinámicas.
Business failure represents a challenge for global economic development. To analyze the factors that determine business failure and its socioeconomic consequences, a systematic review based on the PRISMA method was conducted, identifying 20 studies published since 2021. The results show that financial constraints, such as insufficient liquidity, high debt, and restricted access to credit, are the main determinants in all contexts, with greater severity in developing economies due to dependence on family capital and financial exclusion. Non-financial factors such as adaptive leadership, strategic collaboration, and environmental risk management are differentiators of survival. Among the socioeconomic consequences were unemployment and informality in fragile economies and legal saturation and reduced innovation in established economies. It is concluded that effective prevention requires predictive models and the development of dynamic management capabilities.
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