Factores que determinan la intención emprendedora en estudiantes de una universidad pública en Sonora
Factors that determine entrepreneurial intention in students of a public university in SonoraBarra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
La formación orientada al emprendimiento ha adquirido una importancia cada vez mayor, dada su influencia en la creación de empleo y en el impulso al crecimiento económico. La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que determinan la intención emprendedora en los estudiantes universitarios, con especial atención a una universidad pública del estado de Sonora, México, a partir de los fundamentos teóricos de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) y la Teoría del Capital Social (TCS). Con un enfoque cuantitativo, se aplicó un muestreo aleatorio simple a 238 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados evidencian que tanto la actitud emprendedora como la autoeficacia influyen de manera positiva y significativa en la intención de emprender, mientras que la norma subjetiva, representada por las redes de contacto, no presenta un efecto estadísticamente relevante. Se encontró que la actitud hacia el emprendimiento constituye el principal predictor de la intención emprendedora (β=0.733), lo cual subraya la necesidad de fortalecer los contenidos y estrategias pedagógicas orientadas al desarrollo de actitudes emprendedoras dentro de los programas formativos de las universidades públicas mexicanas.
Entrepreneurship training is key to economic growth. This study analyzes the factors that determine entrepreneurial intention in students of a public university in Sonora, Mexico, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Capital Theory. A random sampling was applied to 238 university students. The results show that attitude and self-efficacy positively and significantly influence the intention to undertake, while the subjective norm did not have a relevant effect. The attitude towards entrepreneurship was the main predictor (β=0.733), which highlights the need to strengthen pedagogical strategies in Mexican public universities to promote entrepreneurial attitudes. It is concluded that personal attitude and self-efficacy are decisive in the entrepreneurial intentions of young university students.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Agu, A.G., Kalu, O.O., Esi-Ubani, C.O. y Agu, P.C. (2021). Drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university students: An integrated model from a developing world context. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(3), 659-680. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2020-0277
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
Al Halbusi, H., Soto-Acosta, P. y Popa, S. (2023). Analysing e-entrepreneurial intention from the theory of planned behaviour: The role of social media use and perceived social support. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(4), 1611–1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00866-1
Armitage, C.J. y Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Meta‐Analytic Review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471-499. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466601164939
Audretsch, D.B. (2018). Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and geography. Oxford University Press. https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article-abstract/34/4/637/5103419?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Awwad, M.S., y Al-Aseer, R.M.N. (2021). Big five personality traits impact on entrepreneurial intention: the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-09-2020-0136
Bae, T.J., Qian, S., Miao, C., y Fiet, J.O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta‐analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095
Bakti, I. G.M.Y., Sumaedi, S., Astrini, N.J., Rakhmawati, T., Yarmen, M. & Damayanti, S. (2020). Applying the theory of planned behavior in functional food purchasing: A young consumers' perception. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 722(1), 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/722/1/012024
Berraies, S., Lajili, R. y Chtioui, R. (2020). Social capital, employees' well-being and knowledge sharing: Does enterprise social networks use matter? Case of Tunisian knowledge-intensive firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(6), 1153-1183. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-012020-0012
Caputo, A., Nguyen, V.H.A. & Delladio, S. (2025). Risk-taking, knowledge, and mindset: Unpacking the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-01064-3
Chávez, K.J.C., Velita, J.J.A., Martinez, T.A. & Ferrer, R.M. (2024). Determinant Factors of Entrepreneurial Culture in University Students: An Analysis from the Theory of Planned Behavior at a Peruvian University. Sustainability, 16(23), 10693. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310693
Cunningham, J.A. y Menter, M. (2021). Transformative change in higher education: Entrepreneurial universities and high-technology entrepreneurship. Industry and Innovation, 28(3), 343-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2020.1763263
De Jorge Moreno, J. (2013). Análisis de los factores que influyen en la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes universitarios. Caracciolos: Revista Digital de Investigación en Docencia, 1-12.
Elnadi, M. y Gheith, M.H. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100458
Fernández, P. (2018). Emprendimiento y desarrollo económico: Una perspectiva global. McGraw-Hill.
Gallegos, A., Valencia, A., Aliaga,.C., Teodori De La Puente, R., Valencia, J., Uribe, H., Briceño, V., VegaMori, L. y Rodriguez, P. (2024). Factors that determine the entrepreneurial intention of university students: A gender perspective in the context of an emerging economy. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2301812. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2301812
Ghouse, S.M., Barber III, D. y Alipour, K. (2024). Shaping the future entrepreneurs: Influence of human capital and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions of rural students. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101035
Gimenez-Jimenez, D., Edelman, L.F., Dawson, A. y Calabrò, A. (2022). Women entrepreneurs' progress in the venturing process: The impact of risk aversion and culture. Small Business Economics, 58(2), 1091-1111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00435-8
Gupta, P., Chauhan, S., Paul, J. y Jaiswal, M.P. (2020). Social entrepreneurship research: A review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 113, 209-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.032
Habib, M.D., Kaur, P., Sharma, V. y Talwar, S. (2023). Analyzing the food waste reduction intentions of UK households. A Value-Attitude-Behavior (VAB) theory perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75, 103486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103486
Hair, J.F., Gabriel, M.L.D.S., da Silva, D., y Braga-Junior, S. (2019). Desarrollo y validación de escalas de medición de actitudes: aspectos fundamentales y prácticos. RAUSP Management Journal, 54(4), 490-507.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N.P. & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hair, J. y Alamer, A. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Heinemann, H., Mussel, P. y Schäpers, P. (2022). Curious enough to start up? How epistemic curiosity and entrepreneurial alertness influence entrepreneurship orientation and intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1003866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003866
Ip, C.Y. (2024). From green entrepreneurial intention to behavior: The role of environmental knowledge, subjective norms, and external institutional support. Sustainable Futures, 8, 100331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2024.100331
Junla, J. y Naipinit, A. (2024). Navigating the sustainability landscape: How entrepreneurial intentions and competitive strategies drive success in the exhibition industry. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(4), 2587-2594. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.5.011
Kaur, M. y Chawla, S. (2023). Understanding the relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial attitudes, and entrepreneurial intentions among engineering graduates: The moderating role of gender. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 15(2), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-05-2023-0039
Kautonen, T., Van Gelderen, M. y Tornikoski, E.T. (2013). Predicting Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Applied Economics, 45(6), 697-707. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.610750
Kline, R.B. (2016). Principios y práctica del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (4.ª ed.). https://dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files4/befc0f8521c770249dd18726a917cf90.pdf
Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D. y Carsrud, A.L. (2000). Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Kyriazos, T. (2018) Psicometría Aplicada: Consideraciones sobre el Tamaño y la Potencia Muestral en el Análisis Factorial (AFE, AFC) y el Análisis Factorial Estándar (SEM) en General. Psychology, 9, 2207-2230. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.98126
Laguía, A., Moriano, J.A., Molero, F. y Gámez, J.A. (2017). Validación del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en una Muestra de Estudiantes Universitarios de Colombia. Universitas Psychologica, 16(1), 60-73. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-1.vcie
Leroy, H., Maes, J., Meuleman, M., Sels, L., y Debrulle, J. (2009). Gender effect on entrepreneurial intentions: A multi-group analysis at factor and indicator level. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Chicago (USA). https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/245186
Liñán, F., y Chen, Y.W. (2009). Development and cross‐cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Liñán, F., y Chen, Y.-W. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample (Documents de Treball 06/7). http://www.recercat.net/handle/2072/2213
Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J.C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z
Lloja-Rengifo, H., Chugnas-Malimba, E.S., Tello-Fasanando, Z., & Cruz-Tarrillo, J.J. (2021). Intención emprendedora: percepción desde los estudiantes universitarios. Comuni@cción: Revista de Investigación en Comunicación y Desarrollo, 12(4), 269-281. https://doi.org/10.33595/2226-1478.12.4.563
Manzano, G. y Ayala, J.-C. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation: Its relationship with the entrepreneur's subjective success in SMEs. Sustainability, 12(11), 4547. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114547
Martínez de Luco, G.A., y Campos-Granados, J.A. (2014). La intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios: El caso de la Universidad de Deusto. Boletín de estudios económicos, 69(211), 151-172.
Medina, P., Bolívar, A., y Lemes, A.I. (2014). Un paso más en la investigación de la intención emprendedora del estudiante universitario. Revista de Estudios Empresariales-Segunda Época, (1), 63-80.
Moriano, J.A., Palací, F.J., & Morales, J. (2006). El perfil psicosocial del emprendedor universitario. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 22(1), 75-99.
Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., y Walmsley, A. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277-299. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026
Rubio, F., y Lisbona, A. (2022). Intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios. Revisión sistemática de alcance de la producción científica. Universitas Psychologica, 21, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy21.ieeu
Rueda, S., Moriano, J.A., y Liñán, F. (2015). Validating a theory of planned behavior questionnaire to measure entrepreneurial intentions. En Developing, Shaping and Growing Entrepreneurship (pp. 60-78). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784713584.00010
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., y Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programs raise entrepreneurial intention for science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002
Valenzuela, A., Gálvez, F., García, I., y González, J. (2022). Intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios en Chile: El rol de la formación y la educación en emprendimiento. Revista Complutense de Educación, 33(1), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.5209/rced.73888
Vásquez, M.A., Zuñiga, M.E., Castillo, R., y Arias, J. (2022). Factors that influence the decision of Peruvian women to become entrepreneurs. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 27(Especial 8), 1036-1047. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.27.8.20
Wang, J.H., Chang, C.C., Yao, S.N. & Liang, C. (2016). La contribución de la autoeficacia a la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y la intención emprendedora. Educación Superior, 72(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9946-y
Wegner, D., Thomas, E., Teixeira, E.K., & Maehler, A.E. (2020). University Entrepreneurial Push Strategy and Students' Entrepreneurial Intention. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(2), 307-325. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2018-0648
Widaman, K.F. y Helm, J.L. (2023). Análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. En Manual APA de Métodos de Investigación en Psicología: Análisis de Datos y Publicación de Investigación (Vol. 3, 2.ª ed., pp. 379-410). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000320-017